Differences between perennial, biennial, and annual plants?

Perennials

During the first growing season they focus on building a strong root system to anchor the plant and effectively absorb water/nutrients. They may produce some or minimal foliage above ground, and are unlikely to bloom during their first year. Generally, perennials will need two or three years before they reach full maturity and full bloom. The 3-year rule describing a perennial growth cycle of "Sleep" - "Creep" - "Leap," helps gardeners set realistic expectations to be patient and avoid frustration with new native plantings.

Biennials

Complete their life cycle in a two year period. During the first growing season, they develop a solid root system before growing stems, leaves, and food storage for the winter. In the second year, the plant will resume growth, flower, produce seed, and then die to complete its life cycle. The two year process ensures reproduction by establishing a strong root system and storing energy prior to its reproduction phase.

Annuals

Complete their life cycle in one growing season. They germinate, grow to full maturity, flower, produce seed, and then die. Annuals do not reliably reseed themselves, but they can in ideal conditions. Most gardeners reseed annuals each growing season for best results.